SPECIES · STRAIN AND FUNCTION PROFILE
Clostridium kluyveri Validated caproate producer Reverse β-oxidation chain elongation · High Energy conservation · High
Role labels distinguish demonstrated caproate production from community association; validate at strain level before causal interpretation.
1 strain profiles 6 assemblies 30 MCFA marker genes 100% strain metadata coverage Names & IDs Morphology Cultivation Physiology Isolation & safety Sequences MCFA pathways Literature Name, taxonomy and strain identifiers Curation status: Exact match imported · Culture collection identifier · checked 2026-07-29. Exact strain-level match; curated BacDive fields imported.
Taxonomic record Scientific name Clostridium kluyveri Rank species NCBI Taxonomy 583 Database role Validated caproate producer K1 Type strain Full name Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942 Culture collections DSM 555, ATCC 12489, ATCC 8527, NCIMB 10680 History DSMZ <- S. Schoberth, Universität Göttingen, Germany; K1 <- G. Gottschalk <- H. A. Barker, University of California, Berkeley, USA BacDive Strain 2606 Morphology and observable traits Strain Gram stain Cell shape Motility Spore formation Colony morphology K1 Not curated Not curated Not curated Not curated {"@ref": 276, "incubation period": "1-2 days"}
Culture and growth conditions Strain Medium Temperature pH Atmosphere/result K1 Clostridium kluyveri medium DSMZ Medium 52 · Defined culture-collection recipe containing acetate, ethanol, mineral salts, reducing agents, trace elements and vitamins; follow the linked current recipe. 37.00 °C — anaerobic · positive growth K1 CLOSTRIDIUM KLUYVERI MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 52) DSMZ Medium 52 · Name: CLOSTRIDIUM KLUYVERI MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 52)
Composition:
K-acetate 10.0 g/l
Yeast extract 1.0 g/l
Na2CO3 1.0 g/l
K2HPO4 0.31 g/l
L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.25 g/l
NH4Cl 0.25 g/l
Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g/l
KH2PO4 0.23 g/l
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.2 g/l
HCl 0.0025 g/l
FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.0015 g/l
Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l
NaOH 0.0005 g/l
Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.0003 g/l
Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 0.0002 g/l
Nicotinic acid 0.0002 g/l
CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.00019 g/l
Calcium pantothenate 0.0001 g/l
MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.0001 g/l
Vitamin B12 0.0001 g/l
p-Aminobenzoic acid 8e-05 g/l
ZnCl2 7e-05 g/l
Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 3.6e-05 g/l
NiCl2 x 6 H2O 2.4e-05 g/l
D-(+)-biotin 2e-05 g/l
H3BO3 6e-06 g/l
Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 4e-06 g/l
Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 3e-06 g/l
CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2e-06 g/l
Ethanol absolute
Distilled water 37.00 °C — anaerobe · yes
Documented condition ranges Profile pH Temperature Electron donors Substrates/reactor Documented growth/production range 6.80–7.10; optimum 7.00 35.00–39.00 °C; optimum 37.00 ethanol acetate, ethanol; batch; strain-dependent continuous culture evidence BacDive documented cultivation conditions ?–?; optimum ? 37.00–37.00 °C; optimum ? Not curated —; culture-collection cultivation Species-level documented cultivation conditions ?–?; optimum ? 37.00–37.00 °C; optimum ? Not curated —; species-level culture records
Physiology and metabolism Documented substrates and products Only approved assertions are shown. Results may be strain- and condition-specific.
Relationship Compound/source term Evidence Confidence Condition Product butyrate Curator assertionExisting mcfaKB curator phenotype summaries 0.800 Not recorded Product caproate Curator assertionExisting mcfaKB curator phenotype summaries 0.800 Not recorded Substrate acetate Curator assertionExisting mcfaKB curator phenotype summaries 0.800 Not recorded Substrate ethanol Curator assertionExisting mcfaKB curator phenotype summaries 0.800 Not recorded
Predicted metabolic capabilities Genome-derived hypotheses requiring review—not demonstrated substrates or products.
Capability Basis/status Confidence Assemblies Limitation ethanol metabolism potential Genomic prediction · Needs review 0.400 GCA_026240615.1 , GCA_001902295.1 AdhE can participate in ethanol production or consumption depending on physiology.
Isolation, environment and safety Strain Isolation source Category/location Oxygen tolerance Biosafety GC content K1 mud Environmental; Terrestrial; Mud (Sludge) anaerobe 1Risk group (German classification) 29.800%
Sequence information Genome assemblies Accession Source Level Size/GC Quality BioProject GCF_000016505.1 NCBI RefSeq Complete Genome — bp / —% —% complete; —% contamination — GCF_000010265.1 NCBI RefSeq — — bp / —% —% complete; —% contamination PRJDA33271 GCA_000010265.1 NCBI GenBank Complete Genome 3955303 bp / 32.000% 98.130% complete; 0.830% contamination PRJDA33271 GCA_000016505.1 NCBI GenBank Complete Genome 4023800 bp / 32.000% 98.060% complete; 0.830% contamination PRJNA19065 GCA_001902295.1 NCBI GenBank Complete Genome 4512934 bp / 31.500% 87.240% complete; 15.600% contamination PRJNA355892 GCA_026240615.1 NCBI GenBank Complete Genome 4549968 bp / 31.500% 87.390% complete; 15.510% contamination PRJNA899662
Marker and ribosomal sequences Strain Type Accession Length Description K1 16S rRNA M59092 1460 bp Clostridium kluyveri 16S ribosomal RNA K1 Genome GCA_000016505 — bp ASM1650v1 assembly for Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 K1 16S rRNA DQ911271 320 bp Clostridium kluyveri strain DSM 555 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence K1 Genome GCA_000010265 — bp ASM1026v1 assembly for Clostridium kluyveri NBRC 12016
MCFA pathways and genes Show 30 annotation-derived MCFA genes Gene Locus Function Protein Orthogroup accB CKL_RS00530 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) WP_011988704.1 — acc CKL_RS00540 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) WP_011988706.1 — accD CKL_RS00545 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) WP_011988707.1 — acc CKL_RS00550 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) WP_011988708.1 — hbd CKL_RS02265 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (1.1.1.157) WP_423200914.1 — ldh CKL_RS06800 L-lactate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.27) WP_012101770.1 — adhE CKL_RS07930 Bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (1.2.1.10) WP_012102009.1 — accC BS101_01165 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) APM37463.1 OG0000061 crt BS101_02945 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4.2.1.55) APM37773.1 OG0001394 accB BS101_03495 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) APM37867.1 OG0000212 adhE BS101_09855 Bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (1.2.1.10) APM39028.1 OG0001124 fabG BS101_13465 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (1.1.1.100) APM39673.1 OG0001499 crt BS101_14215 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4.2.1.55) APM39807.1 OG0016066 hbd BS101_15655 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (1.1.1.157) APM40071.1 OG0000229 crt BS101_16595 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4.2.1.55) APM40240.1 OG0003747 thl BS101_21010 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) APM41003.1 OG0000234 thl BS101_21015 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) APM41004.1 OG0000234 thl BS101_21025 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) APM41005.1 OG0000234 hbd BS101_02965 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (1.1.1.157) APM41175.1 OG0000229 thl OP486_12015 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) UZQ48715.1 OG0000234 thl OP486_12020 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) UZQ48716.1 OG0000234 thl OP486_12025 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (2.3.1.9) UZQ48717.1 OG0000234 crt OP486_19115 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4.2.1.55) UZQ50032.1 OG0016066 adhE OP486_04030 Bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (1.2.1.10) UZQ51354.1 OG0001124 accB OP486_08240 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) UZQ52130.1 OG0000212 crt OP486_08590 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4.2.1.55) UZQ52199.1 OG0001394 accC OP486_10660 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) UZQ52579.1 OG0000061 fabZ OP486_10665 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (4.2.1.59) UZQ52580.1 OG0000785 accB OP486_10670 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (6.4.1.2) UZQ52581.1 OG0000212 hbd OP486_08570 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (1.1.1.157) UZQ52669.1 OG0000229
Curator-approved marker pathway assessments These summaries use approved candidate predictions only and update after every review decision.
Assembly Pathway rule Approved markers Status No approved-marker pathway assessments.
Profile-HMM marker predictions Approved candidates and unresolved review calls are genomic hypotheses, not evidence of expression or MCFA production.
Marker Assembly / protein Confidence and status Support Review history No active marker predictions for this organism.
Literature and provenance Profile evidence External databases can change. mcfaKB records source links and separates experimentally reported, curator-entered and predicted information.