FUNCTIONAL ORTHOLOGY EXPLORER

Explore MCFA genes and pathway modules

Interactively inspect annotation-supported markers, orthogroups, and pathway-rule coverage across curated genomes. Genomic presence is not evidence of expression or demonstrated MCFA production.

01

Find genomes

Search by organism or versioned assembly accession and open its evidence record.

02

Filter markers

Focus on a named enzyme marker or MCFA pathway module.

03

Compare patterns

Expand the heatmap to compare marker copy-number patterns.

04

Trace evidence

Distinguish annotations, reviewed candidates, and pathway assessments.

Reset

50 genomes currently visible

Marker copy-number heatmap for filtered organisms

Organism names are shown first; assembly accessions remain available as secondary identifiers. The preview is limited to the first 100 matching genomes.

Organism and assemblyDetected markersPathway assessments
Acetobacterium carbinolicum
GCA_047456275.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMadhEHMMcoatHMM×2etfAHMMetfBHMMfabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMM×2rnfDHMMrnfEHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 0/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 5/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 1/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Acetobacterium malicum subsp. dehalogenans DSM 11527
GCA_047456285.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2etfAHMM×2etfBHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMM×2rnfBHMM×2rnfCHMM×3rnfDHMM×2rnfEHMM×2rnfGHMMthlHMMbcdHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Acetobacterium wieringae
GCA_023700225.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMM×2rnfBHMM×2rnfCHMM×3rnfDHMM×2rnfEHMM×2rnfGHMM×2reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Acetobacterium woodii DSM 1030
GCA_000247605.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMadhEHMMcoatHMM×2etfAHMMetfBHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMM×2rnfDHMMrnfEHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 0/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 5/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 1/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Anaerostipes caccae
GCA_020181435.1
Complete Genome
accBHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMM×2fabDHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMbcdHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 5/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 4/8
Anaerostipes caccae L1-92
GCA_025146005.1
Complete Genome
accBHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMM×2fabDHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMbcdHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 5/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 4/8
Anaerostipes hadrus
GCA_030864025.1
Complete Genome
accBHMM×2accCHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMM×2etfBHMM×2fabDHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Anaerostipes hadrus ATCC 29173 = JCM 17467
GCA_030296915.1
Complete Genome
accBHMM×2accCHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMM×2etfBHMM×2fabDHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans
GCA_005280655.1
Complete Genome
accBHMMcoatHMM×2crtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMM×2fabDHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 2/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 4/8
Bordetella avium
GCA_034424645.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella avium 197N
GCA_000070465.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella bronchialis
GCA_001676705.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×5reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella bronchiseptica 253
GCA_000318015.1
Complete Genome
accBHMM×3accAHMMaccCHMM×3accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×3fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella bronchiseptica MO149
GCA_000317955.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×3accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50
GCA_000195675.1
Complete Genome
accBHMM×2accAHMMaccCHMM×3accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×3fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×9reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella flabilis
GCA_001676725.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×6reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella genomosp. 13
GCA_002119665.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×6reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella genomosp. 6
GCA_002119705.1
Complete Genome
fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×9accBHMM×2accAHMMaccCHMM×3accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella genomosp. 8
GCA_002119685.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×5reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella genomosp. 9
GCA_002119725.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella holmesii
GCA_020735985.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella holmesii 44057
GCA_000765395.1
Complete Genome
accBHMMaccAHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabHHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 7/8
Bordetella holmesii ATCC 51541
GCA_048296725.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella holmesii F627
GCA_000341465.2
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella holmesii H558
GCA_000341485.2
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×3reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella parapertussis
GCA_020735925.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella parapertussis 12822
GCA_000195695.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella parapertussis Bpp5
GCA_000317935.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMM×3fabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×7reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis
GCA_004008975.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis 137
GCA_000812165.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×5reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis 18323
GCA_000306945.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×6reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis B1917
GCA_000193595.3
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis B1920
GCA_000193615.3
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis CS
GCA_023612135.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pertussis Tohama I
GCA_004794295.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMM×2accCHMM×2accDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella petrii
GCA_000067205.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×7fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella pseudohinzii
GCA_001698185.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMM×2thlHMM×5reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella sp. 2513F-2
GCA_054642735.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×5reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella sp. H567
GCA_001704295.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella sp. J329
GCA_004006215.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMM×2fabZHMMlctPHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella sp. LUAb4
GCA_021325795.2
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×4fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMM×2hbdHMMthlHMM×4reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella sp. MIP270_01_BMS
GCF_054958705.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×5fabFHMMfabGHMMfabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×6reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Bordetella trematum
GCA_011386965.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcoatHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMM×2fabIHMMfabZHMMhbdHMMthlHMM×7reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 0/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Caproicibacter fermentans
GCA_014303955.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMM×2fabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMbcdHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Caproicibacter sp. BJN0012
GCA_035986805.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMbcdHMM×2crtHMM×3etfAHMM×2etfBHMM×3fabFHMMfabGHMMfabZHMMhbdHMM×2lctPHMM×2rnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMthlHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 4/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8
Caproicibacterium amylolyticum
GCA_014467055.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 5/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Caproicibacterium argilliputei
GCA_029211325.2
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 1/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 4/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Caproicibacterium lactatifermentans
GCA_013315815.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMetfAHMMetfBHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMfabKHMMfabZHMMlctPHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMbcdHMMlactateentrysupport 1/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 6/8reversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 3/3rnfcomplex 5/6
Caproicibacterium sp. BJN0003
GCA_026314295.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMthlHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Caproicibacterium sp. NSD3
GCF_053613275.1
Complete Genome
accAHMMaccBHMMaccCHMMaccDHMMcrtHMMfabFHMMfabGHMMrnfAHMMrnfBHMMrnfCHMMrnfDHMMrnfEHMMrnfGHMMthlHMMreversebetaoxidationcore 2/4bcdetfmodule 0/3rnfcomplex 6/6lactateentrysupport 0/2ethanolentrysupport 0/1fattyacidbiosynthesiscore 5/8
Marker-linked orthogroups and proteins

Enter a marker gene to narrow the orthogroup menu. Select an orthogroup to inspect its complete imported protein records.

Interpretation

Absence may reflect incomplete assemblies or annotations. Orthogroup membership is supporting evidence only; unannotated orthologues are not automatically promoted to confirmed enzyme calls. Pathway completeness is marker-rule completeness and is not a flux or thermodynamic prediction.